The essay aims at investigating the process of “secularization” and “nationalization” of the “iustitia” in the Realms of twelfth century, which was strongly influenced by Norman-French power. The Author takes into consideration the Kingdoms of England, Sicily and Jerusalem. While analysing various literary and legal sources, he has been able to establish that during that period there was a constant circulation of men, ideas and theories, from northern Europe to the Mediterranean area. This circulation was able to influence the construction of the primacy of the monarchy, where the concepts of “pax regis” and justice played a very important role. At the same time, Henry I, Roger II and Baldwin II demolished the old conception of representation of the so-called “pure” feudal monarchies, defining clearly the principles of “iura regalia” and “majestas”. And this happened just some decades before Frederick I Barbarossa, with the help of the students of Irnerio, imposed those principles over Communes in the Diet of Roncaglia. The Franco-Norman kings, with the help of jurists working in their “curiae”, were able to shape original solutions of coexistence between different “nationes”, not only protecting the “iura particularia” (by king-justiciars), but also trying to achieve “uniformity”, which was a typical form of a lordship territorial unitary, with “leges” that abrogated the “pravas consuetudines”.
Il saggio mira ad indagare il processo di “laicizzazione” e “pubblicizzazione” della “iustitia” nei Regni del XII secolo, significativamente caratterizzati dalla presenza franco-normanna. Sono stati presi in esame i Regni d’Inghilterra, di Sicilia e di Gerusalemme. Attraverso l’analisi di diverse fonti letterarie e giuridiche, è stata accertata l’esistenza di una circolazione costante di uomini e teorie, dal Nord d’Europa al Mediterraneo, in grado di incidere sui modi di costruzione del primato della monarchia, intorno alle coordinate della “pax regis” e della giustizia. Enrico I, Ruggero II e Baldovino II scardinano la rappresentazione delle “pure” Monarchie feudali, definendo con nitidezza i contorni degli “iura regalia” e della “majestas”, qualche decennio prima che Federico I Barbarossa, con l’aiuto degli allievi di Irnerio, li imponga ai Comuni nella Dieta di Roncaglia. I sovrani franco-normanni, con l’ausilio dei giuristi impiegati nelle loro “curiae”, riescono a modellare originali soluzioni di coesistenza tra “nationes”, non solo tutelando come re-giustizieri gli “iura particularia”, ma cercando di conseguire l’uniformità, propria di una signoria territoriale unitaria, con “leges” abrogative delle “pravas consuetudines”.
Giustizia e majestas nel XII secolo. Alle origini della “secolarizzazione” della iustitia
STANCO, GIANFRANCO
2009-01-01
Abstract
The essay aims at investigating the process of “secularization” and “nationalization” of the “iustitia” in the Realms of twelfth century, which was strongly influenced by Norman-French power. The Author takes into consideration the Kingdoms of England, Sicily and Jerusalem. While analysing various literary and legal sources, he has been able to establish that during that period there was a constant circulation of men, ideas and theories, from northern Europe to the Mediterranean area. This circulation was able to influence the construction of the primacy of the monarchy, where the concepts of “pax regis” and justice played a very important role. At the same time, Henry I, Roger II and Baldwin II demolished the old conception of representation of the so-called “pure” feudal monarchies, defining clearly the principles of “iura regalia” and “majestas”. And this happened just some decades before Frederick I Barbarossa, with the help of the students of Irnerio, imposed those principles over Communes in the Diet of Roncaglia. The Franco-Norman kings, with the help of jurists working in their “curiae”, were able to shape original solutions of coexistence between different “nationes”, not only protecting the “iura particularia” (by king-justiciars), but also trying to achieve “uniformity”, which was a typical form of a lordship territorial unitary, with “leges” that abrogated the “pravas consuetudines”.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.