Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Modeling for Digital Twin of Human Body Wearable Sensors

The paper addresses some issues on the modeling and circuit simulation of a thermoelectric energy harvesting device converting thermal gradient into electrical energy. Specifically, the study provides a Digital Twin (DT) circuit model of the physical Seebeck effect simulating an implementation as a wearable system converting human body thermal energy characterized by a non-uniform trend due to human movements. Furthermore, the DT provides a circuital solution rectifying the electrical power at the output of the energy convert. The circuit simulations are performed by the LTSpice open-source tool.