Post-orthodontic position of lower incisors and gingival recession: A retrospective study

Background: To evaluate if changes in lower incisor position following orthodontic treatment are correlated with development of gingival recessions. Material and Methods: Pre- and post-treatment digital models and lateral cephalograms of 22 subjects were collected retrospectively. The clinical crown length, gingival scallop, and papilla height of the central lower incisor were measured along with the cephalometric incisor's inclination, the distance from the mandibular plane, and the distance between the Infradentale and Menton points. Statistical correlations between gingival and cephalometric variables were studied. In addition, two groups were defined based on the post-treatment incisor inclination value ('normal' or 'proclined') and compared. Results: The incisor inclination was correlated with the change in gingival scallop and papilla height. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in clinical crown height and gingival scallop between the 'normal' group and the 'proclined' group. Conclusions: Changes in lower incisor position, especially an excessive proclination, after orthodontic treatment may play a role in the development of gingival recession.